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The Fellowship of the New Life was a British organization in the 19th century, most famous for a splinter group, the Fabian Society. It was founded in 1883, by the Scottish intellectual Thomas Davidson.〔(【引用サイトリンク】last=Good )〕 Fellowship members included poets Edward Carpenter and John Davidson, animal rights activist Henry Stephens Salt,〔 George Hendrick, ''Henry Salt: Humanitarian Reformer and Man of Letters'', University of Illinois Press, pg. 47 (1977). 〕 sexologist Havelock Ellis, feminist Edith Lees (who later married Ellis), novelist Olive Schreiner〔 Jeffrey Weeks, ''Making Sexual History'' ,Wiley-Blackwell, pg. 20, (2000). 〕 and future Fabian secretary Edward R. Pease. Future UK Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald was briefly a member. According to MacDonald, the Fellowship's main influences were Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson.〔MacDonald quoted on pg. XV of Henry S. Salt's ''Life of Thoreau,'' University of Illinois Press, (2000).〕 The Fellowship published a journal called ''Seed-Time''. Its objective was "The cultivation of a perfect character in each and all." They wanted to transform society by setting an example of clean simplified living for others to follow. Many of the Fellowship's members advocated pacifism, vegetarianism and simple living, under the influence of Leo Tolstoy's ideas.〔Colin Spencer, ''The Heretic's Feast:A History of Vegetarianism'', Fourth Estate, pg. 283 (1996).〕 But when some members also wanted to become politically involved to aid society's transformation, it was decided that a separate society, the Fabian Society, would also be set up. All members were free to attend both societies. The Fellowship of the New Life disbanded in 1898. Although not a member, Patrick Geddes was influenced by some of the organisation's ideas.〔Tom Steel, (Elisee Reclus and Patrick Geddes: Geographies of the Mind )〕 == Origins == Thomas Davidson was heavily influenced by the writings of Italian philosopher and priest Antonio Rosmini-Serbati. Upon studying and translating Rosmini’s writings, Davidson began to formulate the idea that would lead to the creation of the Fellowship, that pure intelligence would lead to a better and higher society.〔Lataner, Albert. "Introduction to Davidson's ''Autobiographical Sketch,''" ''Journal of the History of Ideas,'' Vol. 18, No. 4: (1954), 535.〕 Beginning in 1883, Davidson gave several public lectures, and slowly a small group of like-minded individuals began gathering with him for meetings at his home in Chelsea, London. Between 1881 to 1885, Thomas Davidson held small meetings with this group of intellectuals. These meetings were designed to incorporate people who held similar ideals as Davidson, and to form a small society promoting the reorganization of individual life. This reorganization would then lead to slow progress towards a higher overall form of human society. Davidson was much more interested in discussion and meetings about this goal than scientific study or speculation.〔Knight, William. ''Memorials of Thomas Davidson.''(Boston: Ginn & Company, 1907), 16〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fellowship of the New Life」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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